Custom Components

This is a guide on how to build a simple app and custom component spec and launch it via two different schedulers.

See the Quickstart Guide for installation and basic usage.

Builtins

Before writing a custom component, check if any of the builtin components satisfy your needs. TorchX provides a number of builtin components with premade images. You can discover them via:

%%sh
torchx builtins

Found 11 builtin components:
  1. dist.ddp
  2. dist.spmd
  3. metrics.tensorboard
  4. serve.torchserve
  5. utils.binary
  6. utils.booth
  7. utils.copy
  8. utils.echo
  9. utils.python
 10. utils.sh
 11. utils.touch

You can use these either from the CLI, from a pipeline or programmatically like you would any other component.

%%sh
torchx run utils.echo --msg "Hello :)"

torchx 2025-05-10 13:53:52 INFO     Tracker configurations: {}
torchx 2025-05-10 13:53:52 INFO     Checking for changes in workspace `file:///home/runner/work/torchx/torchx/docs/source`...
torchx 2025-05-10 13:53:52 INFO     To disable workspaces pass: --workspace="" from CLI or workspace=None programmatically.
torchx 2025-05-10 13:53:52 INFO     Workspace `file:///home/runner/work/torchx/torchx/docs/source` resolved to filesystem path `/home/runner/work/torchx/torchx/docs/source`
torchx 2025-05-10 13:56:18 INFO     Building workspace docker image (this may take a while)...
torchx 2025-05-10 13:56:18 INFO     Step 1/4 : ARG IMAGE
torchx 2025-05-10 13:56:18 INFO     Step 2/4 : FROM $IMAGE
torchx 2025-05-10 13:56:18 INFO      ---> ff3071cdf07d
torchx 2025-05-10 13:56:18 INFO     Step 3/4 : COPY . .
torchx 2025-05-10 13:56:26 INFO      ---> 5cc6a93f9989
torchx 2025-05-10 13:56:26 INFO     Step 4/4 : LABEL torchx.pytorch.org/version=0.8.0dev0
torchx 2025-05-10 13:56:26 INFO      ---> Running in aa7e80358f7f
torchx 2025-05-10 13:56:34 INFO      ---> Removed intermediate container aa7e80358f7f
torchx 2025-05-10 13:56:34 INFO      ---> 7c8ac31dbca2
torchx 2025-05-10 13:56:34 INFO     [Warning] One or more build-args [WORKSPACE] were not consumed
torchx 2025-05-10 13:56:34 INFO     Successfully built 7c8ac31dbca2
torchx 2025-05-10 13:56:34 INFO     Built new image `sha256:7c8ac31dbca258641517010ec1da4750728a594469ed7d848214e322e54be9eb` based on original image `ghcr.io/pytorch/torchx:0.8.0dev0` and changes in workspace `file:///home/runner/work/torchx/torchx/docs/source` for role[0]=echo.
torchx 2025-05-10 13:56:34 INFO     Waiting for the app to finish...
echo/0 Hello :)
torchx 2025-05-10 13:56:35 INFO     Job finished: SUCCEEDED

local_docker://torchx/echo-mjbp5rmc173l1

Hello World

Lets start off with writing a simple “Hello World” python app. This is just a normal python program and can contain anything you’d like.

Note

This example uses Jupyter Notebook %%writefile to create local files for example purposes. Under normal usage you would have these as standalone files.

%%writefile my_app.py

import sys
import argparse

def main(user: str) -> None:
    print(f"Hello, {user}!")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
        description="Hello world app"
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--user",
        type=str,
        help="the person to greet",
        required=True,
    )
    args = parser.parse_args(sys.argv[1:])

    main(args.user)

Writing my_app.py

Now that we have an app we can write the component file for it. This function allows us to reuse and share our app in a user friendly way.

We can use this component from the torchx cli or programmatically as part of a pipeline.

%%writefile my_component.py

import torchx.specs as specs

def greet(user: str, image: str = "my_app:latest") -> specs.AppDef:
    return specs.AppDef(
        name="hello_world",
        roles=[
            specs.Role(
                name="greeter",
                image=image,
                entrypoint="python",
                args=[
                    "-m", "my_app",
                    "--user", user,
                ],
            )
        ],
    )

Writing my_component.py

We can execute our component via torchx run. The local_cwd scheduler executes the component relative to the current directory.

%%sh
torchx run --scheduler local_cwd my_component.py:greet --user "your name"

torchx 2025-05-10 13:56:35 INFO     Tracker configurations: {}
torchx 2025-05-10 13:56:35 INFO     Log directory not set in scheduler cfg. Creating a temporary log dir that will be deleted on exit. To preserve log directory set the `log_dir` cfg option
torchx 2025-05-10 13:56:35 INFO     Log directory is: /tmp/torchx_rou_e2fw
torchx 2025-05-10 13:56:35 INFO     Waiting for the app to finish...
greeter/0 Hello, your name!
torchx 2025-05-10 13:56:36 INFO     Job finished: SUCCEEDED

local_cwd://torchx/hello_world-wjqp4dbx2jcw

If we want to run in other environments, we can build a Docker container so we can run our component in Docker enabled environments such as Kubernetes or via the local Docker scheduler.

Note

This requires Docker installed and won’t work in environments such as Google Colab. If you have not done so already follow the install instructions on: https://docs.docker.com/get-docker/

%%writefile Dockerfile.custom

FROM ghcr.io/pytorch/torchx:0.1.0rc1

ADD my_app.py .

Writing Dockerfile.custom

Once we have the Dockerfile created we can create our docker image.

%%sh
docker build -t my_app:latest -f Dockerfile.custom .

#0 building with "default" instance using docker driver

#1 [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile.custom
#1 transferring dockerfile: 99B done
#1 DONE 0.0s

#2 [internal] load metadata for ghcr.io/pytorch/torchx:0.1.0rc1
#2 DONE 0.5s

#3 [internal] load .dockerignore
#3 transferring context: 2B done
#3 DONE 0.0s

#4 [internal] load build context
#4 transferring context: 425B done
#4 DONE 0.0s

#5 [1/2] FROM ghcr.io/pytorch/torchx:0.1.0rc1@sha256:a738949601d82e7f100fa1efeb8dde0c35ce44c66726cf38596f96d78dcd7ad3
#5 resolve ghcr.io/pytorch/torchx:0.1.0rc1@sha256:a738949601d82e7f100fa1efeb8dde0c35ce44c66726cf38596f96d78dcd7ad3 done
#5 sha256:889a7173dcfeb409f9d88054a97ab2445f5a799a823f719a5573365ee3662b6f 0B / 189B 0.1s
#5 sha256:3dbec59e804974689ff0739216fb012d3e1cd6694632cd3a85b74b572266ec5c 7.21kB / 7.21kB done
#5 sha256:a738949601d82e7f100fa1efeb8dde0c35ce44c66726cf38596f96d78dcd7ad3 3.25kB / 3.25kB done
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#5 sha256:d4c7af0d4fa735e6727a24afcea4022492c7f29ac85e31ddf3d385bfbf704f71 21.46MB / 21.46MB 0.6s done
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#5 extracting sha256:4bbfd2c87b7524455f144a03bf387c88b6d4200e5e0df9139a9d5e79110f89ca 1.0s done
#5 sha256:f18d016c4ccc1c57c9e34cb119e1e1966287b08aa9b4d52a38b30815a56574b6 101.71MB / 1.71GB 1.4s
#5 extracting sha256:d2e110be24e168b42c1a2ddbc4a476a217b73cccdba69cdcb212b812a88f5726
#5 sha256:143f801954310499daa44a8499a49797d2f282b5d56be601557ebe6cbf796907 238.03MB / 2.00GB 1.6s
#5 sha256:909695be1d5003de345714eec2ca3020a48dd8f407fe918cbd47a8db73d7a233 100.66MB / 341.29MB 1.6s
#5 extracting sha256:d2e110be24e168b42c1a2ddbc4a476a217b73cccdba69cdcb212b812a88f5726 done
#5 sha256:909695be1d5003de345714eec2ca3020a48dd8f407fe918cbd47a8db73d7a233 128.97MB / 341.29MB 1.8s
#5 sha256:143f801954310499daa44a8499a49797d2f282b5d56be601557ebe6cbf796907 344.98MB / 2.00GB 2.1s
#5 sha256:f18d016c4ccc1c57c9e34cb119e1e1966287b08aa9b4d52a38b30815a56574b6 206.57MB / 1.71GB 2.1s
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#5 sha256:f18d016c4ccc1c57c9e34cb119e1e1966287b08aa9b4d52a38b30815a56574b6 391.12MB / 1.71GB 3.3s
#5 sha256:143f801954310499daa44a8499a49797d2f282b5d56be601557ebe6cbf796907 574.62MB / 2.00GB 3.5s
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#5 sha256:909695be1d5003de345714eec2ca3020a48dd8f407fe918cbd47a8db73d7a233 341.29MB / 341.29MB 3.9s done
#5 extracting sha256:889a7173dcfeb409f9d88054a97ab2445f5a799a823f719a5573365ee3662b6f done
#5 sha256:f119a6d0a466a041afbcb08344ff624b5c5ac5f68b93d33af4827529ea1a6800 563.38kB / 563.38kB 4.0s
#5 sha256:143f801954310499daa44a8499a49797d2f282b5d56be601557ebe6cbf796907 696.25MB / 2.00GB 4.3s
#5 sha256:f119a6d0a466a041afbcb08344ff624b5c5ac5f68b93d33af4827529ea1a6800 563.38kB / 563.38kB 4.2s done
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#5 sha256:143f801954310499daa44a8499a49797d2f282b5d56be601557ebe6cbf796907 824.18MB / 2.00GB 5.3s
#5 sha256:f18d016c4ccc1c57c9e34cb119e1e1966287b08aa9b4d52a38b30815a56574b6 683.67MB / 1.71GB 5.3s
#5 sha256:88d87059c913e67971846680d4032b75f96f599f8a67062f668fed6471fc2968 556.96kB / 556.96kB 5.3s
#5 sha256:88d87059c913e67971846680d4032b75f96f599f8a67062f668fed6471fc2968 556.96kB / 556.96kB 5.5s done
#5 extracting sha256:6009a622672af862e3a3979ffd58a348f95208a4bc3b6f6cea2efda4e8390203 0.1s
#5 sha256:f18d016c4ccc1c57c9e34cb119e1e1966287b08aa9b4d52a38b30815a56574b6 771.75MB / 1.71GB 5.8s
#5 sha256:143f801954310499daa44a8499a49797d2f282b5d56be601557ebe6cbf796907 937.43MB / 2.00GB 6.0s
#5 sha256:f18d016c4ccc1c57c9e34cb119e1e1966287b08aa9b4d52a38b30815a56574b6 872.42MB / 1.71GB 6.3s
#5 extracting sha256:6009a622672af862e3a3979ffd58a348f95208a4bc3b6f6cea2efda4e8390203 0.7s done
#5 sha256:143f801954310499daa44a8499a49797d2f282b5d56be601557ebe6cbf796907 1.06GB / 2.00GB 6.6s
#5 sha256:f18d016c4ccc1c57c9e34cb119e1e1966287b08aa9b4d52a38b30815a56574b6 977.27MB / 1.71GB 7.0s
#5 sha256:143f801954310499daa44a8499a49797d2f282b5d56be601557ebe6cbf796907 1.17GB / 2.00GB 7.3s
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#5 sha256:f18d016c4ccc1c57c9e34cb119e1e1966287b08aa9b4d52a38b30815a56574b6 1.09GB / 1.71GB 8.1s
#5 sha256:143f801954310499daa44a8499a49797d2f282b5d56be601557ebe6cbf796907 1.40GB / 2.00GB 8.7s
#5 sha256:f18d016c4ccc1c57c9e34cb119e1e1966287b08aa9b4d52a38b30815a56574b6 1.18GB / 1.71GB 8.9s
#5 sha256:143f801954310499daa44a8499a49797d2f282b5d56be601557ebe6cbf796907 1.52GB / 2.00GB 9.4s
#5 sha256:f18d016c4ccc1c57c9e34cb119e1e1966287b08aa9b4d52a38b30815a56574b6 1.29GB / 1.71GB 9.6s
#5 sha256:f18d016c4ccc1c57c9e34cb119e1e1966287b08aa9b4d52a38b30815a56574b6 1.38GB / 1.71GB 10.2s
#5 sha256:143f801954310499daa44a8499a49797d2f282b5d56be601557ebe6cbf796907 1.63GB / 2.00GB 10.3s
#5 sha256:f18d016c4ccc1c57c9e34cb119e1e1966287b08aa9b4d52a38b30815a56574b6 1.48GB / 1.71GB 10.8s
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#5 extracting sha256:143f801954310499daa44a8499a49797d2f282b5d56be601557ebe6cbf796907
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#5 extracting sha256:143f801954310499daa44a8499a49797d2f282b5d56be601557ebe6cbf796907 15.1s
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#5 extracting sha256:eccbe17c44e1b27c836dddc42f204bde06f73568b50833556b50324146bd43aa done
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#5 extracting sha256:f18d016c4ccc1c57c9e34cb119e1e1966287b08aa9b4d52a38b30815a56574b6
#5 extracting sha256:f18d016c4ccc1c57c9e34cb119e1e1966287b08aa9b4d52a38b30815a56574b6 5.1s
#5 extracting sha256:f18d016c4ccc1c57c9e34cb119e1e1966287b08aa9b4d52a38b30815a56574b6 10.2s
#5 extracting sha256:f18d016c4ccc1c57c9e34cb119e1e1966287b08aa9b4d52a38b30815a56574b6 12.9s done
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#5 extracting sha256:c0ad16d9fa05dbf708784e8aa10d69153465bae391345020be52cbe0a1701932 done
#5 extracting sha256:30587ba7fd6bcbd1c883125d84517055b2d7f2d35a13faedbc8b15f94b900cc2 done
#5 extracting sha256:909695be1d5003de345714eec2ca3020a48dd8f407fe918cbd47a8db73d7a233 0.1s
#5 extracting sha256:909695be1d5003de345714eec2ca3020a48dd8f407fe918cbd47a8db73d7a233 5.2s
#5 extracting sha256:909695be1d5003de345714eec2ca3020a48dd8f407fe918cbd47a8db73d7a233 10.3s
#5 extracting sha256:909695be1d5003de345714eec2ca3020a48dd8f407fe918cbd47a8db73d7a233 13.8s done
#5 extracting sha256:f119a6d0a466a041afbcb08344ff624b5c5ac5f68b93d33af4827529ea1a6800
#5 extracting sha256:f119a6d0a466a041afbcb08344ff624b5c5ac5f68b93d33af4827529ea1a6800 0.0s done
#5 extracting sha256:88d87059c913e67971846680d4032b75f96f599f8a67062f668fed6471fc2968 0.0s done
#5 DONE 79.7s

#6 [2/2] ADD my_app.py .
#6 DONE 0.0s

#7 exporting to image
#7 exporting layers
#7 exporting layers 4.3s done
#7 writing image sha256:f1461f31844e9bdf16a19a0813a66f8a5404874891f26fe31c7402407966d914 done
#7 naming to docker.io/library/my_app:latest done
#7 DONE 4.3s

We can then launch it on the local scheduler.

%%sh
torchx run --scheduler local_docker my_component.py:greet --image "my_app:latest" --user "your name"

torchx 2025-05-10 13:58:12 INFO     Tracker configurations: {}
torchx 2025-05-10 13:58:12 INFO     Checking for changes in workspace `file:///home/runner/work/torchx/torchx/docs/source`...
torchx 2025-05-10 13:58:12 INFO     To disable workspaces pass: --workspace="" from CLI or workspace=None programmatically.
torchx 2025-05-10 13:58:12 INFO     Workspace `file:///home/runner/work/torchx/torchx/docs/source` resolved to filesystem path `/home/runner/work/torchx/torchx/docs/source`
torchx 2025-05-10 13:58:12 WARNING  failed to pull image my_app:latest, falling back to local: 404 Client Error for http+docker://localhost/v1.48/images/create?tag=latest&fromImage=my_app: Not Found ("pull access denied for my_app, repository does not exist or may require 'docker login': denied: requested access to the resource is denied")
torchx 2025-05-10 13:58:12 INFO     Building workspace docker image (this may take a while)...
torchx 2025-05-10 13:58:12 INFO     Step 1/4 : ARG IMAGE
torchx 2025-05-10 13:58:12 INFO     Step 2/4 : FROM $IMAGE
torchx 2025-05-10 13:58:12 INFO      ---> f1461f31844e
torchx 2025-05-10 13:58:12 INFO     Step 3/4 : COPY . .
torchx 2025-05-10 13:58:16 INFO      ---> ddf1dbb88592
torchx 2025-05-10 13:58:16 INFO     Step 4/4 : LABEL torchx.pytorch.org/version=0.8.0dev0
torchx 2025-05-10 13:58:16 INFO      ---> Running in 2dfdd0b55ab2
torchx 2025-05-10 13:58:21 INFO      ---> Removed intermediate container 2dfdd0b55ab2
torchx 2025-05-10 13:58:21 INFO      ---> 7db2bd030c18
torchx 2025-05-10 13:58:21 INFO     [Warning] One or more build-args [WORKSPACE] were not consumed
torchx 2025-05-10 13:58:21 INFO     Successfully built 7db2bd030c18
torchx 2025-05-10 13:58:21 INFO     Built new image `sha256:7db2bd030c18a023816f7978965aa1d493b2f8fee4867b7db2a838c5600dc752` based on original image `my_app:latest` and changes in workspace `file:///home/runner/work/torchx/torchx/docs/source` for role[0]=greeter.
torchx 2025-05-10 13:58:21 INFO     Waiting for the app to finish...
greeter/0 Hello, your name!
torchx 2025-05-10 13:58:22 INFO     Job finished: SUCCEEDED

local_docker://torchx/hello_world-sw9n2sr2phnvlc

If you have a Kubernetes cluster you can use the Kubernetes scheduler to launch this on the cluster instead.

$ docker push my_app:latest
$ torchx run --scheduler kubernetes my_component.py:greet --image "my_app:latest" --user "your name"